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authorWaylan Limberg <waylan@gmail.com>2010-02-12 15:27:59 -0500
committerWaylan Limberg <waylan@gmail.com>2010-02-12 15:27:59 -0500
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-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
-<html>
-<head>
-<meta name="generator" content=
-"HTML Tidy for Linux/x86 (vers 1 September 2005), see www.w3.org">
-<title></title>
-</head>
-<body>
-<h1>Markdown: Syntax</h1>
-<ul id="ProjectSubmenu">
-<li><a href="/projects/markdown/" title=
-"Markdown Project Page">Main</a></li>
-<li><a href="/projects/markdown/basics" title=
-"Markdown Basics">Basics</a></li>
-<li><a class="selected" title=
-"Markdown Syntax Documentation">Syntax</a></li>
-<li><a href="/projects/markdown/license" title=
-"Pricing and License Information">License</a></li>
-<li><a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title=
-"Online Markdown Web Form">Dingus</a></li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#philosophy">Philosophy</a></li>
-<li><a href="#html">Inline HTML</a></li>
-<li><a href="#autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special
-Characters</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><a href="#block">Block Elements</a>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</a></li>
-<li><a href="#header">Headers</a></li>
-<li><a href="#blockquote">Blockquotes</a></li>
-<li><a href="#list">Lists</a></li>
-<li><a href="#precode">Code Blocks</a></li>
-<li><a href="#hr">Horizontal Rules</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><a href="#span">Span Elements</a>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#link">Links</a></li>
-<li><a href="#em">Emphasis</a></li>
-<li><a href="#code">Code</a></li>
-<li><a href="#img">Images</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><a href="#misc">Miscellaneous</a>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#backslash">Backslash Escapes</a></li>
-<li><a href="#autolink">Automatic Links</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p><strong>Note:</strong> This document is itself written using
-Markdown; you can <a href="/projects/markdown/syntax.text">see the
-source for it by adding '.text' to the URL</a>.</p>
-<hr>
-<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
-<h3 id="philosophy">Philosophy</h3>
-<p>Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as
-is feasible.</p>
-<p>Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A
-Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain
-text, without looking like it's been marked up with tags or
-formatting instructions. While Markdown's syntax has been
-influenced by several existing text-to-HTML filters -- including
-<a href=
-"http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html">Setext</a>,
-<a href="http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/">atx</a>, <a href=
-"http://textism.com/tools/textile/">Textile</a>, <a href=
-"http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html">reStructuredText</a>,
-<a href=
-"http://www.triptico.com/software/grutatxt.html">Grutatext</a>, and
-<a href="http://ettext.taint.org/doc/">EtText</a> -- the single
-biggest source of inspiration for Markdown's syntax is the format
-of plain text email.</p>
-<p>To this end, Markdown's syntax is comprised entirely of
-punctuation characters, which punctuation characters have been
-carefully chosen so as to look like what they mean. E.g., asterisks
-around a word actually look like *emphasis*. Markdown lists look
-like, well, lists. Even blockquotes look like quoted passages of
-text, assuming you've ever used email.</p>
-<h3 id="html">Inline HTML</h3>
-<p>Markdown's syntax is intended for one purpose: to be used as a
-format for <em>writing</em> for the web.</p>
-<p>Markdown is not a replacement for HTML, or even close to it. Its
-syntax is very small, corresponding only to a very small subset of
-HTML tags. The idea is <em>not</em> to create a syntax that makes
-it easier to insert HTML tags. In my opinion, HTML tags are already
-easy to insert. The idea for Markdown is to make it easy to read,
-write, and edit prose. HTML is a <em>publishing</em> format;
-Markdown is a <em>writing</em> format. Thus, Markdown's formatting
-syntax only addresses issues that can be conveyed in plain
-text.</p>
-<p>For any markup that is not covered by Markdown's syntax, you
-simply use HTML itself. There's no need to preface it or delimit it
-to indicate that you're switching from Markdown to HTML; you just
-use the tags.</p>
-<p>The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements -- e.g.
-<code>&lt;div&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;table&gt;</code>,
-<code>&lt;pre&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;p&gt;</code>, etc. -- must be
-separated from surrounding content by blank lines, and the start
-and end tags of the block should not be indented with tabs or
-spaces. Markdown is smart enough not to add extra (unwanted)
-<code>&lt;p&gt;</code> tags around HTML block-level tags.</p>
-<p>For example, to add an HTML table to a Markdown article:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>This is a regular paragraph.
-
-&lt;table&gt;
- &lt;tr&gt;
- &lt;td&gt;Foo&lt;/td&gt;
- &lt;/tr&gt;
-&lt;/table&gt;
-
-This is another regular paragraph.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Note that Markdown formatting syntax is not processed within
-block-level HTML tags. E.g., you can't use Markdown-style
-<code>*emphasis*</code> inside an HTML block.</p>
-<p>Span-level HTML tags -- e.g. <code>&lt;span&gt;</code>,
-<code>&lt;cite&gt;</code>, or <code>&lt;del&gt;</code> -- can be
-used anywhere in a Markdown paragraph, list item, or header. If you
-want, you can even use HTML tags instead of Markdown formatting;
-e.g. if you'd prefer to use HTML <code>&lt;a&gt;</code> or
-<code>&lt;img&gt;</code> tags instead of Markdown's link or image
-syntax, go right ahead.</p>
-<p>Unlike block-level HTML tags, Markdown syntax <em>is</em>
-processed within span-level tags.</p>
-<h3 id="autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</h3>
-<p>In HTML, there are two characters that demand special treatment:
-<code>&lt;</code> and <code>&amp;</code>. Left angle brackets are
-used to start tags; ampersands are used to denote HTML entities. If
-you want to use them as literal characters, you must escape them as
-entities, e.g. <code>&amp;lt;</code>, and
-<code>&amp;amp;</code>.</p>
-<p>Ampersands in particular are bedeviling for web writers. If you
-want to write about 'AT&amp;T', you need to write
-'<code>AT&amp;amp;T</code>'. You even need to escape ampersands
-within URLs. Thus, if you want to link to:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>http://images.google.com/images?num=30&amp;q=larry+bird
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>you need to encode the URL as:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>http://images.google.com/images?num=30&amp;amp;q=larry+bird
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>in your anchor tag <code>href</code> attribute. Needless to say,
-this is easy to forget, and is probably the single most common
-source of HTML validation errors in otherwise well-marked-up web
-sites.</p>
-<p>Markdown allows you to use these characters naturally, taking
-care of all the necessary escaping for you. If you use an ampersand
-as part of an HTML entity, it remains unchanged; otherwise it will
-be translated into <code>&amp;amp;</code>.</p>
-<p>So, if you want to include a copyright symbol in your article,
-you can write:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&amp;copy;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>and Markdown will leave it alone. But if you write:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>AT&amp;T
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Markdown will translate it to:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>AT&amp;amp;T
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Similarly, because Markdown supports <a href="#html">inline
-HTML</a>, if you use angle brackets as delimiters for HTML tags,
-Markdown will treat them as such. But if you write:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>4 &lt; 5
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Markdown will translate it to:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>4 &amp;lt; 5
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>However, inside Markdown code spans and blocks, angle brackets
-and ampersands are <em>always</em> encoded automatically. This
-makes it easy to use Markdown to write about HTML code. (As opposed
-to raw HTML, which is a terrible format for writing about HTML
-syntax, because every single <code>&lt;</code> and
-<code>&amp;</code> in your example code needs to be escaped.)</p>
-<hr>
-<h2 id="block">Block Elements</h2>
-<h3 id="p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</h3>
-<p>A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text,
-separated by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line
-that looks like a blank line -- a line containing nothing but
-spaces or tabs is considered blank.) Normal paragraphs should not
-be intended with spaces or tabs.</p>
-<p>The implication of the "one or more consecutive lines of text"
-rule is that Markdown supports "hard-wrapped" text paragraphs. This
-differs significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters
-(including Movable Type's "Convert Line Breaks" option) which
-translate every line break character in a paragraph into a
-<code>&lt;br /&gt;</code> tag.</p>
-<p>When you <em>do</em> want to insert a <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code>
-break tag using Markdown, you end a line with two or more spaces,
-then type return.</p>
-<p>Yes, this takes a tad more effort to create a <code>&lt;br
-/&gt;</code>, but a simplistic "every line break is a <code>&lt;br
-/&gt;</code>" rule wouldn't work for Markdown. Markdown's
-email-style <a href="#blockquote">blockquoting</a> and
-multi-paragraph <a href="#list">list items</a> work best -- and
-look better -- when you format them with hard breaks.</p>
-<h3 id="header">Headers</h3>
-<p>Markdown supports two styles of headers, <a href=
-"http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html">Setext</a> and
-<a href="http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/">atx</a>.</p>
-<p>Setext-style headers are "underlined" using equal signs (for
-first-level headers) and dashes (for second-level headers). For
-example:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>This is an H1
-=============
-
-This is an H2
--------------
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Any number of underlining <code>=</code>'s or <code>-</code>'s
-will work.</p>
-<p>Atx-style headers use 1-6 hash characters at the start of the
-line, corresponding to header levels 1-6. For example:</p>
-<pre>
-<code># This is an H1
-
-## This is an H2
-
-###### This is an H6
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Optionally, you may "close" atx-style headers. This is purely
-cosmetic -- you can use this if you think it looks better. The
-closing hashes don't even need to match the number of hashes used
-to open the header. (The number of opening hashes determines the
-header level.) :</p>
-<pre>
-<code># This is an H1 #
-
-## This is an H2 ##
-
-### This is an H3 ######
-</code>
-</pre>
-<h3 id="blockquote">Blockquotes</h3>
-<p>Markdown uses email-style <code>&gt;</code> characters for
-blockquoting. If you're familiar with quoting passages of text in
-an email message, then you know how to create a blockquote in
-Markdown. It looks best if you hard wrap the text and put a
-<code>&gt;</code> before every line:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&gt; This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
-&gt; consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
-&gt; Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
-&gt;
-&gt; Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
-&gt; id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Markdown allows you to be lazy and only put the
-<code>&gt;</code> before the first line of a hard-wrapped
-paragraph:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&gt; This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
-consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
-Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
-
-&gt; Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
-id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by
-adding additional levels of <code>&gt;</code>:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&gt; This is the first level of quoting.
-&gt;
-&gt; &gt; This is nested blockquote.
-&gt;
-&gt; Back to the first level.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including
-headers, lists, and code blocks:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&gt; ## This is a header.
-&gt;
-&gt; 1. This is the first list item.
-&gt; 2. This is the second list item.
-&gt;
-&gt; Here's some example code:
-&gt;
-&gt; return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script");
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For
-example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase
-Quote Level from the Text menu.</p>
-<h3 id="list">Lists</h3>
-<p>Markdown supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted)
-lists.</p>
-<p>Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens --
-interchangably -- as list markers:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>* Red
-* Green
-* Blue
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>is equivalent to:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>+ Red
-+ Green
-+ Blue
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>and:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>- Red
-- Green
-- Blue
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>1. Bird
-2. McHale
-3. Parish
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>It's important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark
-the list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The
-HTML Markdown produces from the above list is:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;ol&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Bird&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;McHale&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Parish&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ol&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>1. Bird
-1. McHale
-1. Parish
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>or even:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>3. Bird
-1. McHale
-8. Parish
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>you'd get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want
-to, you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so
-that the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published
-HTML. But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to.</p>
-<p>If you do use lazy list numbering, however, you should still
-start the list with the number 1. At some point in the future,
-Markdown may support starting ordered lists at an arbitrary
-number.</p>
-<p>List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be
-indented by up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by
-one or more spaces or a tab.</p>
-<p>To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging
-indents:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
- Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
- viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
-* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
- Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
-Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
-viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
-* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
-Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>If list items are separated by blank lines, Markdown will wrap
-the items in <code>&lt;p&gt;</code> tags in the HTML output. For
-example, this input:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>* Bird
-* Magic
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>will turn into:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;ul&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Bird&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;Magic&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ul&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>But this:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>* Bird
-
-* Magic
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>will turn into:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;ul&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bird&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Magic&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
-&lt;/ul&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent
-paragraph in a list item must be intended by either 4 spaces or one
-tab:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>1. This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor
- sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit
- mi posuere lectus.
-
- Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet
- vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum
- sit amet velit.
-
-2. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent
-paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be lazy:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>* This is a list item with two paragraphs.
-
- This is the second paragraph in the list item. You're
-only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor
-sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
-
-* Another item in the same list.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's
-<code>&gt;</code> delimiters need to be indented:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>* A list item with a blockquote:
-
- &gt; This is a blockquote
- &gt; inside a list item.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs to
-be indented <em>twice</em> -- 8 spaces or two tabs:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>* A list item with a code block:
-
- &lt;code goes here&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>It's worth noting that it's possible to trigger an ordered list
-by accident, by writing something like this:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>1986. What a great season.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>In other words, a <em>number-period-space</em> sequence at the
-beginning of a line. To avoid this, you can backslash-escape the
-period:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>1986\. What a great season.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<h3 id="precode">Code Blocks</h3>
-<p>Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming
-or markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the
-lines of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a
-code block in both <code>&lt;pre&gt;</code> and
-<code>&lt;code&gt;</code> tags.</p>
-<p>To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of
-the block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab. For example, given this
-input:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>This is a normal paragraph:
-
- This is a code block.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Markdown will generate:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;p&gt;This is a normal paragraph:&lt;/p&gt;
-
-&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;This is a code block.
-&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>One level of indentation -- 4 spaces or 1 tab -- is removed from
-each line of the code block. For example, this:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>Here is an example of AppleScript:
-
- tell application "Foo"
- beep
- end tell
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>will turn into:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;p&gt;Here is an example of AppleScript:&lt;/p&gt;
-
-&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;tell application "Foo"
- beep
-end tell
-&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not
-indented (or the end of the article).</p>
-<p>Within a code block, ampersands (<code>&amp;</code>) and angle
-brackets (<code>&lt;</code> and <code>&gt;</code>) are
-automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very easy
-to include example HTML source code using Markdown -- just paste it
-and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the
-ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this:</p>
-<pre>
-<code> &lt;div class="footer"&gt;
- &amp;copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
- &lt;/div&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>will turn into:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;div class="footer"&amp;gt;
- &amp;amp;copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
-&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
-&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks.
-E.g., asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block.
-This means it's also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown's
-own syntax.</p>
-<h3 id="hr">Horizontal Rules</h3>
-<p>You can produce a horizontal rule tag (<code>&lt;hr
-/&gt;</code>) by placing three or more hyphens, asterisks, or
-underscores on a line by themselves. If you wish, you may use
-spaces between the hyphens or asterisks. Each of the following
-lines will produce a horizontal rule:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>* * *
-
-***
-
-*****
-
-- - -
-
----------------------------------------
-
-_ _ _
-</code>
-</pre>
-<hr>
-<h2 id="span">Span Elements</h2>
-<h3 id="link">Links</h3>
-<p>Markdown supports two style of links: <em>inline</em> and
-<em>reference</em>.</p>
-<p>In both styles, the link text is delimited by [square
-brackets].</p>
-<p>To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses
-immediately after the link text's closing square bracket. Inside
-the parentheses, put the URL where you want the link to point,
-along with an <em>optional</em> title for the link, surrounded in
-quotes. For example:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>This is [an example](http://example.com/ "Title") inline link.
-
-[This link](http://example.net/) has no title attribute.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Will produce:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;p&gt;This is &lt;a href="http://example.com/" title="Title"&gt;
-an example&lt;/a&gt; inline link.&lt;/p&gt;
-
-&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://example.net/"&gt;This link&lt;/a&gt; has no
-title attribute.&lt;/p&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>If you're referring to a local resource on the same server, you
-can use relative paths:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>See my [About](/about/) page for details.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Reference-style links use a second set of square brackets,
-inside which you place a label of your choosing to identify the
-link:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>This is [an example][id] reference-style link.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>You can optionally use a space to separate the sets of
-brackets:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>This is [an example] [id] reference-style link.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Then, anywhere in the document, you define your link label like
-this, on a line by itself:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>[id]: http://example.com/ "Optional Title Here"
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>That is:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>Square brackets containing the link identifier (optionally
-indented from the left margin using up to three spaces);</li>
-<li>followed by a colon;</li>
-<li>followed by one or more spaces (or tabs);</li>
-<li>followed by the URL for the link;</li>
-<li>optionally followed by a title attribute for the link, enclosed
-in double or single quotes.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>The link URL may, optionally, be surrounded by angle
-brackets:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>[id]: &lt;http://example.com/&gt; "Optional Title Here"
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>You can put the title attribute on the next line and use extra
-spaces or tabs for padding, which tends to look better with longer
-URLs:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>[id]: http://example.com/longish/path/to/resource/here
- "Optional Title Here"
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Link definitions are only used for creating links during
-Markdown processing, and are stripped from your document in the
-HTML output.</p>
-<p>Link definition names may constist of letters, numbers, spaces,
-and punctuation -- but they are <em>not</em> case sensitive. E.g.
-these two links:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>[link text][a]
-[link text][A]
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>are equivalent.</p>
-<p>The <em>implicit link name</em> shortcut allows you to omit the
-name of the link, in which case the link text itself is used as the
-name. Just use an empty set of square brackets -- e.g., to link the
-word "Google" to the google.com web site, you could simply
-write:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>[Google][]
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>And then define the link:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>[Google]: http://google.com/
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Because link names may contain spaces, this shortcut even works
-for multiple words in the link text:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>Visit [Daring Fireball][] for more information.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>And then define the link:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>[Daring Fireball]: http://daringfireball.net/
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Link definitions can be placed anywhere in your Markdown
-document. I tend to put them immediately after each paragraph in
-which they're used, but if you want, you can put them all at the
-end of your document, sort of like footnotes.</p>
-<p>Here's an example of reference links in action:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google] [1] than from
-[Yahoo] [2] or [MSN] [3].
-
- [1]: http://google.com/ "Google"
- [2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
- [3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Using the implicit link name shortcut, you could instead
-write:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][] than from
-[Yahoo][] or [MSN][].
-
- [google]: http://google.com/ "Google"
- [yahoo]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
- [msn]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Both of the above examples will produce the following HTML
-output:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;p&gt;I get 10 times more traffic from &lt;a href="http://google.com/"
-title="Google"&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt; than from
-&lt;a href="http://search.yahoo.com/" title="Yahoo Search"&gt;Yahoo&lt;/a&gt;
-or &lt;a href="http://search.msn.com/" title="MSN Search"&gt;MSN&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>For comparison, here is the same paragraph written using
-Markdown's inline link style:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google](http://google.com/ "Google")
-than from [Yahoo](http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search") or
-[MSN](http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search").
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>The point of reference-style links is not that they're easier to
-write. The point is that with reference-style links, your document
-source is vastly more readable. Compare the above examples: using
-reference-style links, the paragraph itself is only 81 characters
-long; with inline-style links, it's 176 characters; and as raw
-HTML, it's 234 characters. In the raw HTML, there's more markup
-than there is text.</p>
-<p>With Markdown's reference-style links, a source document much
-more closely resembles the final output, as rendered in a browser.
-By allowing you to move the markup-related metadata out of the
-paragraph, you can add links without interrupting the narrative
-flow of your prose.</p>
-<h3 id="em">Emphasis</h3>
-<p>Markdown treats asterisks (<code>*</code>) and underscores
-(<code>_</code>) as indicators of emphasis. Text wrapped with one
-<code>*</code> or <code>_</code> will be wrapped with an HTML
-<code>&lt;em&gt;</code> tag; double <code>*</code>'s or
-<code>_</code>'s will be wrapped with an HTML
-<code>&lt;strong&gt;</code> tag. E.g., this input:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>*single asterisks*
-
-_single underscores_
-
-**double asterisks**
-
-__double underscores__
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>will produce:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;em&gt;single asterisks&lt;/em&gt;
-
-&lt;em&gt;single underscores&lt;/em&gt;
-
-&lt;strong&gt;double asterisks&lt;/strong&gt;
-
-&lt;strong&gt;double underscores&lt;/strong&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>You can use whichever style you prefer; the lone restriction is
-that the same character must be used to open and close an emphasis
-span.</p>
-<p>Emphasis can be used in the middle of a word:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>un*fucking*believable
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>But if you surround an <code>*</code> or <code>_</code> with
-spaces, it'll be treated as a literal asterisk or underscore.</p>
-<p>To produce a literal asterisk or underscore at a position where
-it would otherwise be used as an emphasis delimiter, you can
-backslash escape it:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>\*this text is surrounded by literal asterisks\*
-</code>
-</pre>
-<h3 id="code">Code</h3>
-<p>To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes
-(<code>`</code>). Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span
-indicates code within a normal paragraph. For example:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>Use the `printf()` function.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>will produce:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;p&gt;Use the &lt;code&gt;printf()&lt;/code&gt; function.&lt;/p&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>To include a literal backtick character within a code span, you
-can use multiple backticks as the opening and closing
-delimiters:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>``There is a literal backtick (`) here.``
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>which will produce this:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;There is a literal backtick (`) here.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>The backtick delimiters surrounding a code span may include
-spaces -- one after the opening, one before the closing. This
-allows you to place literal backtick characters at the beginning or
-end of a code span:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>A single backtick in a code span: `` ` ``
-
-A backtick-delimited string in a code span: `` `foo` ``
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>will produce:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;p&gt;A single backtick in a code span: &lt;code&gt;`&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
-
-&lt;p&gt;A backtick-delimited string in a code span: &lt;code&gt;`foo`&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>With a code span, ampersands and angle brackets are encoded as
-HTML entities automatically, which makes it easy to include example
-HTML tags. Markdown will turn this:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>Please don't use any `&lt;blink&gt;` tags.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>into:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;p&gt;Please don't use any &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;blink&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags.&lt;/p&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>You can write this:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>`&amp;#8212;` is the decimal-encoded equivalent of `&amp;mdash;`.
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>to produce:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;#8212;&lt;/code&gt; is the decimal-encoded
-equivalent of &lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<h3 id="img">Images</h3>
-<p>Admittedly, it's fairly difficult to devise a "natural" syntax
-for placing images into a plain text document format.</p>
-<p>Markdown uses an image syntax that is intended to resemble the
-syntax for links, allowing for two styles: <em>inline</em> and
-<em>reference</em>.</p>
-<p>Inline image syntax looks like this:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg)
-
-![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg "Optional title")
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>That is:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>An exclamation mark: <code>!</code>;</li>
-<li>followed by a set of square brackets, containing the
-<code>alt</code> attribute text for the image;</li>
-<li>followed by a set of parentheses, containing the URL or path to
-the image, and an optional <code>title</code> attribute enclosed in
-double or single quotes.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Reference-style image syntax looks like this:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>![Alt text][id]
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Where "id" is the name of a defined image reference. Image
-references are defined using syntax identical to link
-references:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>[id]: url/to/image "Optional title attribute"
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>As of this writing, Markdown has no syntax for specifying the
-dimensions of an image; if this is important to you, you can simply
-use regular HTML <code>&lt;img&gt;</code> tags.</p>
-<hr>
-<h2 id="misc">Miscellaneous</h2>
-<h3 id="autolink">Automatic Links</h3>
-<p>Markdown supports a shortcut style for creating "automatic"
-links for URLs and email addresses: simply surround the URL or
-email address with angle brackets. What this means is that if you
-want to show the actual text of a URL or email address, and also
-have it be a clickable link, you can do this:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;http://example.com/&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Markdown will turn this into:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;a href="http://example.com/"&gt;http://example.com/&lt;/a&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Automatic links for email addresses work similarly, except that
-Markdown will also perform a bit of randomized decimal and hex
-entity-encoding to help obscure your address from
-address-harvesting spambots. For example, Markdown will turn
-this:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;address@example.com&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>into something like this:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>&lt;a href="&amp;#x6D;&amp;#x61;i&amp;#x6C;&amp;#x74;&amp;#x6F;:&amp;#x61;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x72;&amp;#x65;
-&amp;#115;&amp;#115;&amp;#64;&amp;#101;&amp;#120;&amp;#x61;&amp;#109;&amp;#x70;&amp;#x6C;e&amp;#x2E;&amp;#99;&amp;#111;
-&amp;#109;"&gt;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x72;&amp;#x65;&amp;#115;&amp;#115;&amp;#64;&amp;#101;&amp;#120;&amp;#x61;
-&amp;#109;&amp;#x70;&amp;#x6C;e&amp;#x2E;&amp;#99;&amp;#111;&amp;#109;&lt;/a&gt;
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>which will render in a browser as a clickable link to
-"address@example.com".</p>
-<p>(This sort of entity-encoding trick will indeed fool many, if
-not most, address-harvesting bots, but it definitely won't fool all
-of them. It's better than nothing, but an address published in this
-way will probably eventually start receiving spam.)</p>
-<h3 id="backslash">Backslash Escapes</h3>
-<p>Markdown allows you to use backslash escapes to generate literal
-characters which would otherwise have special meaning in Markdown's
-formatting syntax. For example, if you wanted to surround a word
-with literal asterisks (instead of an HTML <code>&lt;em&gt;</code>
-tag), you can backslashes before the asterisks, like this:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>\*literal asterisks\*
-</code>
-</pre>
-<p>Markdown provides backslash escapes for the following
-characters:</p>
-<pre>
-<code>\ backslash
-` backtick
-* asterisk
-_ underscore
-{} curly braces
-[] square brackets
-() parentheses
-# hash mark
-+ plus sign
-- minus sign (hyphen)
-. dot
-! exclamation mark
-</code>
-</pre>
-</body>
-</html>