Rework connection loss handling in SPMySQL, particularly to improve background loss of connections:

 - Attempt to fix a condition causing a reconnection loop by fixing the order of connection state check and a query variable
 - If a connection is lost in the background, only attempt a single reconnect instead of requiring user intervention at once
 - Add a new connection state to handle background disconnects
 - If the connection has been lost in the background but is about to be used, reconnect it automatically (informing the user of loss if appropriate)
 - Don't attempt background reconnections if the connection has not been used for some time
(Also update localisable strings, and tweak navigator controller connection usage)

8 files changed, 281 insertions, 194 deletions

diff --git a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQL Private APIs.h b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQL Private APIs.h
index ee7f6039..64fa0bc3 100644
--- a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQL Private APIs.h
+++ b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQL Private APIs.h
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@
 @interface SPMySQLConnection (PrivateAPI)
 
 - (MYSQL *)_makeRawMySQLConnectionWithEncoding:(NSString *)encodingName isMasterConnection:(BOOL)isMaster;
+- (BOOL)_reconnectAllowingRetries:(BOOL)canRetry;
+- (BOOL)_reconnectAfterBackgroundConnectionLoss;
 - (BOOL)_waitForNetworkConnectionWithTimeout:(double)timeoutSeconds;
 - (void)_updateConnectionVariables;
 - (void)_restoreConnectionVariables;
diff --git a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Delegate & Proxy.m b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Delegate & Proxy.m
index 59e78c35..e0b745e0 100644
--- a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Delegate & Proxy.m
+++ b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Delegate & Proxy.m
@@ -109,8 +109,19 @@
 		// Clear the state change selector on the proxy until a connection is re-established
 		proxyStateChangeNotificationsIgnored = YES;
 
-		// Trigger a reconnect
-		[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(reconnect) toTarget:self withObject:nil];
+		// Trigger a reconnect depending on connection usage recently.  If the connection has
+		// actively been used in the last couple of minutes, trigger a full reconnection attempt.
+		if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(lastConnectionUsedTime) < 60 * 2) {
+			[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(reconnect) toTarget:self withObject:nil];
+		
+		// If used within the last fifteen minutes, trigger a background/single reconnection attempt
+		} else if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(lastConnectionUsedTime) < 60 * 15) {
+			[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(_reconnectAfterBackgroundConnectionLoss) toTarget:self withObject:nil];
+
+		// Otherwise set the state to connection lost for automatic reconnect on next use
+		} else {
+			state = SPMySQLConnectionLostInBackground;
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Update the state record
diff --git a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Ping & KeepAlive.m b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Ping & KeepAlive.m
index 3201b55f..9a28bf57 100644
--- a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Ping & KeepAlive.m
+++ b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Ping & KeepAlive.m
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 
 
 #import "Ping & KeepAlive.h"
+#import "SPMySQL Private APIs.h"
 #import "Locking.h"
 #import <pthread.h>
 
@@ -81,9 +82,21 @@
 - (void)_threadedKeepAlive
 {
 
-	// If the maximum number of ping failures has been reached, trigger a reconnect
+	// If the maximum number of ping failures has been reached, determine whether to reconnect.
 	if (keepAliveLastPingBlocked || keepAlivePingFailures >= 3) {
-		[self reconnect];
+
+		// If the connection has been used within the last fifteen minutes,
+		// attempt a single reconnection in the background
+		if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(lastConnectionUsedTime) < 60 * 15) {
+			[self _reconnectAfterBackgroundConnectionLoss];
+
+		// Otherwise set the state to connection lost for automatic reconnect on
+		// next use.
+		} else {
+			state = SPMySQLConnectionLostInBackground;
+		}
+
+		// Return as no further ping action required this cycle.
 		return;
 	}
 
diff --git a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Querying & Preparation.m b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Querying & Preparation.m
index 46615cae..0af0684a 100644
--- a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Querying & Preparation.m
+++ b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Querying & Preparation.m
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@
 	// Ensure per-thread variables are set up
 	[self _validateThreadSetup];
 
-	// Check the connection if necessary, returning nil if the query couldn't be validated
+	// Check the connection if necessary, returning nil if the state couldn't be validated
 	if (![self _checkConnectionIfNecessary]) return nil;
 
 	// Determine whether a maximum query size needs to be restored from a previous query
diff --git a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Server Info.m b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Server Info.m
index 1022ccd1..59a384a9 100644
--- a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Server Info.m
+++ b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection Categories/Server Info.m
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@
 
 	// Get the process list
 	MYSQL_RES *mysqlResult = mysql_list_processes(mySQLConnection);
+	lastConnectionUsedTime = mach_absolute_time();
 
 	// Convert to SPMySQLResult
 	SPMySQLResult *theResult = [[SPMySQLResult alloc] initWithMySQLResult:mysqlResult stringEncoding:stringEncoding];
diff --git a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection.h b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection.h
index 8ed01ec6..a44ae46f 100644
--- a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection.h
+++ b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection.h
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 	NSConditionLock *connectionLock;
 
 	// Currently selected database
-	NSString *database;
+	NSString *database, *databaseToRestore;
 
 	// Delegate connection lost decisions
 	NSUInteger reconnectionRetryAttempts;
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@
 
 	// Encoding details - and also a record of any previous encoding to allow
 	// switching back and forth
-	NSString *encoding;
+	NSString *encoding, *encodingToRestore;
 	NSStringEncoding stringEncoding;
-	BOOL encodingUsesLatin1Transport;
+	BOOL encodingUsesLatin1Transport, encodingUsesLatin1TransportToRestore;
 	NSString *previousEncoding;
 	BOOL previousEncodingUsesLatin1Transport;
 
diff --git a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection.m b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection.m
index d42b82e6..f48bc2d3 100644
--- a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection.m
+++ b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConnection.m
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ const char *SPMySQLSSLPermissibleCiphers = "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA:DHE-RS
 
 		// Start with no selected database
 		database = nil;
+		databaseToRestore = nil;
 
 		// Set a timeout of 30 seconds, with keepalive on and acting every sixty seconds
 		timeout = 30;
@@ -139,6 +140,8 @@ const char *SPMySQLSSLPermissibleCiphers = "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA:DHE-RS
 		encoding = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"utf8"];
 		stringEncoding = NSUTF8StringEncoding;
 		encodingUsesLatin1Transport = NO;
+		encodingToRestore = nil;
+		encodingUsesLatin1TransportToRestore = NO;
 		previousEncoding = nil;
 		previousEncodingUsesLatin1Transport = NO;
 
@@ -219,9 +222,11 @@ const char *SPMySQLSSLPermissibleCiphers = "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA:DHE-RS
 	[connectionLock release], connectionLock = nil;
 
 	[encoding release];
+	if (encodingToRestore) [encodingToRestore release], encodingToRestore = nil;
 	if (previousEncoding) [previousEncoding release], previousEncoding = nil;
 
 	if (database) [database release], database = nil;
+	if (databaseToRestore) [databaseToRestore release], databaseToRestore = nil;
 	if (serverVersionString) [serverVersionString release], serverVersionString = nil;
 	if (queryErrorMessage) [queryErrorMessage release], queryErrorMessage = nil;
 	[delegateDecisionLock release];
@@ -243,7 +248,7 @@ const char *SPMySQLSSLPermissibleCiphers = "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA:DHE-RS
 {
 
 	// If a connection is already active in some form, throw an exception
-	if (state != SPMySQLDisconnected) {
+	if (state != SPMySQLDisconnected && state != SPMySQLConnectionLostInBackground) {
 		[NSException raise:NSInternalInconsistencyException format:@"Attempted to connect a connection that is not disconnected."];
 		return NO;
 	}
@@ -265,7 +270,6 @@ const char *SPMySQLSSLPermissibleCiphers = "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA:DHE-RS
 	// Successfully connected - record connected state and reset tracking variables
 	state = SPMySQLConnected;
 	userTriggeredDisconnect = NO;
-	reconnectionRetryAttempts = 0;
 	initialConnectTime = mach_absolute_time();
 	mysqlConnectionThreadId = mySQLConnection->thread_id;
 	lastConnectionUsedTime = 0;
@@ -295,6 +299,9 @@ const char *SPMySQLSSLPermissibleCiphers = "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA:DHE-RS
 	[self _updateConnectionVariables];
 	if (state != SPMySQLConnected) return NO;
 
+	// Now connection is established and verified, reset the counter
+	reconnectionRetryAttempts = 0;
+
 	// Update the maximum query size
 	[self _updateMaxQuerySize];
 
@@ -303,181 +310,14 @@ const char *SPMySQLSSLPermissibleCiphers = "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA:DHE-RS
 
 /**
  * Reconnect to the currently "active" - but possibly disconnected - connection, using the
- * stored details.
+ * stored details.  Calls the private _reconnectAllowingRetries to do this.
  * Error checks extensively - if this method fails, it will ask how to proceed and loop depending
  * on the status, not returning control until either a connection has been established or
  * the connection and document have been closed.
- * Runs its own autorelease pool as sometimes called in a thread following proxy changes
- * (where the return code doesn't matter).
  */
 - (BOOL)reconnect
 {
-	if (userTriggeredDisconnect) return NO;
-
-	NSAutoreleasePool *reconnectionPool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
-
-	// Check whether a reconnection attempt is already being made - if so, wait
-	// and return the status of that reconnection attempt.  This improves threaded
-	// use of the connection by preventing reconnect races.
-	if (isReconnecting) {
-
-		// Loop in a panel runloop mode until the reconnection has processed; if an iteration
-		// takes less than the requested 0.1s, sleep instead.
-		while (isReconnecting) {
-			uint64_t loopIterationStart_t = mach_absolute_time();
-
-			[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSModalPanelRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:0.1]];
-			if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(loopIterationStart_t) < 0.1) {
-				usleep(100000 - (useconds_t)(1000000 * _elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(loopIterationStart_t)));
-			}
-		}
-
-		[reconnectionPool drain];
-		return (state == SPMySQLConnected);
-	}
-
-	isReconnecting = YES;
-
-	// Store certain details about the connection, so that if the reconnection is successful
-	// they can be restored.  This has to be treated separately from _restoreConnectionDetails
-	// as a full connection reinitialises certain values from the server.
-	NSString *preReconnectEncoding = [NSString stringWithString:encoding];
-	BOOL preReconnectEncodingUsesLatin1 = encodingUsesLatin1Transport;
-	NSString *preReconnectDatabase = nil;
-	if (database) preReconnectDatabase = [NSString stringWithString:database];
-
-	// If there is a connection proxy, temporarily disassociate the state change action
-	if (proxy) proxyStateChangeNotificationsIgnored = YES;
-
-	// Close the connection if it's active
-	[self disconnect];
-
-	// Lock the connection while waiting for network and proxy
-	[self _lockConnection];
-
-	// If no network is present, wait for a short time for one to become available
-	[self _waitForNetworkConnectionWithTimeout:10];
-
-	// If there is a proxy, attempt to reconnect it in blocking fashion
-	if (proxy) {
-		uint64_t loopIterationStart_t, proxyWaitStart_t;
-
-		// If the proxy is not yet idle after requesting a disconnect, wait for a short time
-		// to allow it to disconnect.
-		if ([proxy state] != SPMySQLProxyIdle) {
-
-			proxyWaitStart_t = mach_absolute_time();
-			while ([proxy state] != SPMySQLProxyIdle) {
-				loopIterationStart_t = mach_absolute_time();
-
-				// If the connection timeout has passed, break out of the loop
-				if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(proxyWaitStart_t) > timeout) break;
-
-				// Allow events to process for 0.25s, sleeping to completion on early return
-				[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSModalPanelRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:0.25]];
-				if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(loopIterationStart_t) < 0.25) {
-					usleep(250000 - (useconds_t)(1000000 * _elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(loopIterationStart_t)));
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Request that the proxy re-establishes its connection
-		[proxy connect];
-
-		// Wait while the proxy connects
-		proxyWaitStart_t = mach_absolute_time();
-		while (1) {
-			loopIterationStart_t = mach_absolute_time();
-
-			// If the proxy has connected, record the new local port and break out of the loop
-			if ([proxy state] == SPMySQLProxyConnected) {
-				port = [proxy localPort];
-				break;
-			}
-
-			// If the proxy connection attempt time has exceeded the timeout, break of of the loop.
-			if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(proxyWaitStart_t) > (timeout + 1)) {
-				[proxy disconnect];
-				break;
-			}
-			
-			// Process events for a short time, allowing dialogs to be shown but waiting for
-			// the proxy. Capture how long this interface action took, standardising the
-			// overall time.
-			[[NSRunLoop mainRunLoop] runMode:NSModalPanelRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:0.25]];
-			if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(loopIterationStart_t) < 0.25) {
-				usleep((useconds_t)(250000 - (1000000 * _elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(loopIterationStart_t))));
-			}
-
-			// Extend the connection timeout by any interface time
-			if ([proxy state] == SPMySQLProxyWaitingForAuth) {
-				proxyWaitStart_t += mach_absolute_time() - loopIterationStart_t;
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Having in theory performed the proxy connect, update state
-		previousProxyState = [proxy state];
-		proxyStateChangeNotificationsIgnored = NO;
-	}
-
-	// Unlock the connection
-	[self _unlockConnection];
-
-	// If not using a proxy, or if the proxy successfully connected, trigger a connection
-	if (!proxy || [proxy state] == SPMySQLProxyConnected) {
-		[self connect];
-	}
-
-	// If the connection failed, retry the reconnection or cancel as appropriate.
-	if (state != SPMySQLConnected) {
-
-		// Default to attempting another reconnect
-		SPMySQLConnectionLostDecision connectionLostDecision = SPMySQLConnectionLostReconnect;
-
-		// If the delegate supports the decision process, ask it how to proceed
-		if (delegateSupportsConnectionLost) {
-			connectionLostDecision = [self _delegateDecisionForLostConnection];
-
-		// Otherwise default to reconnect, but only a set number of times to prevent a runaway loop
-		} else {
-			if (reconnectionRetryAttempts < 5) {
-				connectionLostDecision = SPMySQLConnectionLostReconnect;
-			} else {
-				connectionLostDecision = SPMySQLConnectionLostDisconnect;
-			}
-			reconnectionRetryAttempts++;
-		}
-		
-		switch (connectionLostDecision) {
-			case SPMySQLConnectionLostDisconnect:
-				[self _updateLastErrorMessage:NSLocalizedString(@"User triggered disconnection", @"User triggered disconnection")];
-				userTriggeredDisconnect = YES;
-				isReconnecting = NO;
-				[reconnectionPool release];
-				return NO;
-
-			// By default attempt a reconnect, returning if it fails.  If it succeeds, continue
-			// on to the end of the function to restore details if appropriate.
-			default:
-				isReconnecting = NO;
-				if (![self reconnect]) {
-					[reconnectionPool release];
-					return NO;
-				}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// If the connection was successfully established, restore the connection
-	// state if appropriate.
-	if (preReconnectDatabase) {
-		[self selectDatabase:preReconnectDatabase];
-	}
-	[self setEncoding:preReconnectEncoding];
-	[self setEncodingUsesLatin1Transport:preReconnectEncodingUsesLatin1];
-
-	isReconnecting = NO;
-	[reconnectionPool release];
-	return YES;
+	return [self _reconnectAllowingRetries:YES];
 }
 
 /**
@@ -532,6 +372,12 @@ const char *SPMySQLSSLPermissibleCiphers = "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA:DHE-RS
  */
 - (BOOL)isConnected
 {
+
+	// If the connection has been allowed to drop in the background, restore it if posslbe
+	if (state == SPMySQLConnectionLostInBackground) {
+		[self _reconnectAllowingRetries:YES];
+	}
+
 	return (state == SPMySQLConnected || state == SPMySQLDisconnecting);
 }
 
@@ -578,6 +424,12 @@ const char *SPMySQLSSLPermissibleCiphers = "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA:DHE-RS
 		connectionVerified = [self reconnect];
 	}
 
+	// Update the connection tracking use variable if the connection was confirmed,
+	// as at least a mysql_ping will have been used.
+	if (connectionVerified) {
+		lastConnectionUsedTime = mach_absolute_time();
+	}
+
 	return connectionVerified;
 }
 
@@ -736,6 +588,205 @@ const char *SPMySQLSSLPermissibleCiphers = "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA:DHE-RS
 }
 
 /**
+ * Perform a reconnection task, either once-only or looping as requested.  If looping is
+ * permitted and this method fails, it will ask how to proceed and loop depending on
+ * the status, not returning control until either a connection has been established or
+ * the connection and document have been closed.
+ * Runs its own autorelease pool as sometimes called in a thread following proxy changes
+ * (where the return code doesn't matter).
+ */
+- (BOOL)_reconnectAllowingRetries:(BOOL)canRetry
+{
+	if (userTriggeredDisconnect) return NO;
+	BOOL reconnectSucceeded = NO;
+
+	NSAutoreleasePool *reconnectionPool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
+
+	// Check whether a reconnection attempt is already being made - if so, wait
+	// and return the status of that reconnection attempt.  This improves threaded
+	// use of the connection by preventing reconnect races.
+	if (isReconnecting) {
+
+		// Loop in a panel runloop mode until the reconnection has processed; if an iteration
+		// takes less than the requested 0.1s, sleep instead.
+		while (isReconnecting) {
+			uint64_t loopIterationStart_t = mach_absolute_time();
+
+			[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSModalPanelRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:0.1]];
+			if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(loopIterationStart_t) < 0.1) {
+				usleep(100000 - (useconds_t)(1000000 * _elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(loopIterationStart_t)));
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Continue only if the reconnection being waited on was a background attempt
+		if (!(state == SPMySQLConnectionLostInBackground && canRetry)) {
+			[reconnectionPool drain];
+			return (state == SPMySQLConnected);
+		}
+	}
+
+	isReconnecting = YES;
+
+	// Store certain details about the connection, so that if the reconnection is successful
+	// they can be restored.  This has to be treated separately from _restoreConnectionDetails
+	// as a full connection reinitialises certain values from the server.
+	if (!encodingToRestore) {
+		encodingToRestore = [encoding copy];
+		encodingUsesLatin1TransportToRestore = encodingUsesLatin1Transport;
+		databaseToRestore = [database copy];
+	}
+
+	// If there is a connection proxy, temporarily disassociate the state change action
+	if (proxy) proxyStateChangeNotificationsIgnored = YES;
+
+	// Close the connection if it's active
+	[self disconnect];
+
+	// Lock the connection while waiting for network and proxy
+	[self _lockConnection];
+
+	// If no network is present, wait for a short time for one to become available
+	[self _waitForNetworkConnectionWithTimeout:10];
+
+	// If there is a proxy, attempt to reconnect it in blocking fashion
+	if (proxy) {
+		uint64_t loopIterationStart_t, proxyWaitStart_t;
+
+		// If the proxy is not yet idle after requesting a disconnect, wait for a short time
+		// to allow it to disconnect.
+		if ([proxy state] != SPMySQLProxyIdle) {
+
+			proxyWaitStart_t = mach_absolute_time();
+			while ([proxy state] != SPMySQLProxyIdle) {
+				loopIterationStart_t = mach_absolute_time();
+
+				// If the connection timeout has passed, break out of the loop
+				if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(proxyWaitStart_t) > timeout) break;
+
+				// Allow events to process for 0.25s, sleeping to completion on early return
+				[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSModalPanelRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:0.25]];
+				if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(loopIterationStart_t) < 0.25) {
+					usleep(250000 - (useconds_t)(1000000 * _elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(loopIterationStart_t)));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Request that the proxy re-establishes its connection
+		[proxy connect];
+
+		// Wait while the proxy connects
+		proxyWaitStart_t = mach_absolute_time();
+		while (1) {
+			loopIterationStart_t = mach_absolute_time();
+
+			// If the proxy has connected, record the new local port and break out of the loop
+			if ([proxy state] == SPMySQLProxyConnected) {
+				port = [proxy localPort];
+				break;
+			}
+
+			// If the proxy connection attempt time has exceeded the timeout, break of of the loop.
+			if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(proxyWaitStart_t) > (timeout + 1)) {
+				[proxy disconnect];
+				break;
+			}
+			
+			// Process events for a short time, allowing dialogs to be shown but waiting for
+			// the proxy. Capture how long this interface action took, standardising the
+			// overall time.
+			[[NSRunLoop mainRunLoop] runMode:NSModalPanelRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:0.25]];
+			if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(loopIterationStart_t) < 0.25) {
+				usleep((useconds_t)(250000 - (1000000 * _elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(loopIterationStart_t))));
+			}
+
+			// Extend the connection timeout by any interface time
+			if ([proxy state] == SPMySQLProxyWaitingForAuth) {
+				proxyWaitStart_t += mach_absolute_time() - loopIterationStart_t;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Having in theory performed the proxy connect, update state
+		previousProxyState = [proxy state];
+		proxyStateChangeNotificationsIgnored = NO;
+	}
+
+	// Unlock the connection
+	[self _unlockConnection];
+
+	// If not using a proxy, or if the proxy successfully connected, trigger a connection
+	if (!proxy || [proxy state] == SPMySQLProxyConnected) {
+		[self connect];
+	}
+
+	// If the reconnection succeeded, restore the connection state as appropriate
+	if (state == SPMySQLConnected) {
+		if (databaseToRestore) {
+			[self selectDatabase:databaseToRestore];
+			[databaseToRestore release], databaseToRestore = nil;
+		}
+		if (encodingToRestore) {
+			[self setEncoding:encodingToRestore];
+			[self setEncodingUsesLatin1Transport:encodingUsesLatin1TransportToRestore];
+			[encodingToRestore release], encodingToRestore = nil;
+		}
+
+	// If the connection failed and the connection is permitted to retry,
+	// then retry the reconnection.
+	} else if (canRetry) {
+
+		// Default to attempting another reconnect
+		SPMySQLConnectionLostDecision connectionLostDecision = SPMySQLConnectionLostReconnect;
+
+		// If the delegate supports the decision process, ask it how to proceed
+		if (delegateSupportsConnectionLost) {
+			connectionLostDecision = [self _delegateDecisionForLostConnection];
+
+		// Otherwise default to reconnect, but only a set number of times to prevent a runaway loop
+		} else {
+			if (reconnectionRetryAttempts < 5) {
+				connectionLostDecision = SPMySQLConnectionLostReconnect;
+			} else {
+				connectionLostDecision = SPMySQLConnectionLostDisconnect;
+			}
+			reconnectionRetryAttempts++;
+		}
+		
+		switch (connectionLostDecision) {
+			case SPMySQLConnectionLostDisconnect:
+				[self _updateLastErrorMessage:NSLocalizedString(@"User triggered disconnection", @"User triggered disconnection")];
+				userTriggeredDisconnect = YES;
+
+			// By default attempt a reconnect
+			default:
+				isReconnecting = NO;
+				reconnectSucceeded = [self _reconnectAllowingRetries:YES];
+		}
+	}
+
+	isReconnecting = NO;
+	[reconnectionPool release];
+	return reconnectSucceeded;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Trigger a single reconnection attempt after losing network in the background,
+ * setting the state appropriately for connection on next use if this fails.
+ */
+- (BOOL)_reconnectAfterBackgroundConnectionLoss
+{
+	NSAutoreleasePool *reconnectionPool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
+
+	if (![self _reconnectAllowingRetries:NO]) {
+		state = SPMySQLConnectionLostInBackground;
+	}
+
+	[reconnectionPool release];
+
+	return (state == SPMySQLConnected);
+}
+
+
+/**
  * Loop while a connection isn't available; allows blocking while the network is disconnected
  * or still connecting (eg Airport still coming up after sleep).
  */
@@ -857,8 +908,16 @@ const char *SPMySQLSSLPermissibleCiphers = "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA:DHE-RS
 - (BOOL)_checkConnectionIfNecessary
 {
 
+	// If the connection has been dropped in the background, trigger a
+	// reconnect and return the success state here
+	if (state == SPMySQLConnectionLostInBackground) {
+		return [self _reconnectAllowingRetries:YES];
+	}
+
 	// If the connection was recently used, return success
-	if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(lastConnectionUsedTime) < 30) return YES;
+	if (_elapsedSecondsSinceAbsoluteTime(lastConnectionUsedTime) < 30) {
+		return YES;
+	}
 
 	// Otherwise check the connection
 	return [self checkConnection];
diff --git a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConstants.h b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConstants.h
index b1689569..7144d968 100644
--- a/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConstants.h
+++ b/Frameworks/SPMySQLFramework/Source/SPMySQLConstants.h
@@ -33,30 +33,31 @@
 
 // Connection state
 typedef enum {
-	SPMySQLDisconnected		= 0,
-	SPMySQLConnecting		= 1,
-	SPMySQLConnected		= 2,
-	SPMySQLDisconnecting	= 3
+	SPMySQLDisconnected               = 0,
+	SPMySQLConnecting                 = 1,
+	SPMySQLConnected                  = 2,
+	SPMySQLConnectionLostInBackground = 3,
+	SPMySQLDisconnecting              = 4
 } SPMySQLConnectionState;
 
 // Connection lock state
 typedef enum {
-	SPMySQLConnectionIdle	= 0,
-	SPMySQLConnectionBusy	= 1
+	SPMySQLConnectionIdle = 0,
+	SPMySQLConnectionBusy = 1
 } SPMySQLConnectionLockState;
 
 // Decision on how to handle lost connections
 // Connection check constants
 typedef enum {
-	SPMySQLConnectionLostDisconnect	= 0,
-	SPMySQLConnectionLostReconnect	= 1
+	SPMySQLConnectionLostDisconnect = 0,
+	SPMySQLConnectionLostReconnect  = 1
 } SPMySQLConnectionLostDecision;
 
 // Result set row types
 typedef enum {
-	SPMySQLResultRowAsDefault		= 0,
-	SPMySQLResultRowAsArray			= 1,
-	SPMySQLResultRowAsDictionary	= 2
+	SPMySQLResultRowAsDefault    = 0,
+	SPMySQLResultRowAsArray      = 1,
+	SPMySQLResultRowAsDictionary = 2
 } SPMySQLResultRowType;
 
 // Result charset list
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ typedef struct {
 
 // Query result types
 typedef enum {
-	SPMySQLResultAsResult					= 0,
-	SPMySQLResultAsFastStreamingResult		= 1,
-	SPMySQLResultAsLowMemStreamingResult	= 2
+	SPMySQLResultAsResult                = 0,
+	SPMySQLResultAsFastStreamingResult   = 1,
+	SPMySQLResultAsLowMemStreamingResult = 2
 } SPMySQLResultType;