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| author | Waylan Limberg <waylan@gmail.com> | 2010-02-12 15:27:59 -0500 |
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| committer | Waylan Limberg <waylan@gmail.com> | 2010-02-12 15:27:59 -0500 |
| commit | 8f62bb0a6ce46055a2decbae6b33d53922c758b8 (patch) | |
| tree | 7f7d71461ad32817a86d48083934fbb972df38ed /MarkdownTest/Tests_2004/Markdown Documentation - Syntax.text-out | |
| parent | ee6fb73b160721e666e72a0921135d6abae19fa4 (diff) | |
| parent | 6d30c9ff6b43be9f013e6ea129ff7611c4a6d55b (diff) | |
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diff --git a/MarkdownTest/Tests_2004/Markdown Documentation - Syntax.text-out b/MarkdownTest/Tests_2004/Markdown Documentation - Syntax.text-out deleted file mode 100644 index ecf2e70..0000000 --- a/MarkdownTest/Tests_2004/Markdown Documentation - Syntax.text-out +++ /dev/null @@ -1,957 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"> -<html> -<head> -<meta name="generator" content= -"HTML Tidy for Linux/x86 (vers 1 September 2005), see www.w3.org"> -<title></title> -</head> -<body> -<h1>Markdown: Syntax</h1> -<ul id="ProjectSubmenu"> -<li><a href="/projects/markdown/" title= -"Markdown Project Page">Main</a></li> -<li><a href="/projects/markdown/basics" title= -"Markdown Basics">Basics</a></li> -<li><a class="selected" title= -"Markdown Syntax Documentation">Syntax</a></li> -<li><a href="/projects/markdown/license" title= -"Pricing and License Information">License</a></li> -<li><a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title= -"Online Markdown Web Form">Dingus</a></li> -</ul> -<ul> -<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> -<li><a href="#html">Inline HTML</a></li> -<li><a href="#autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special -Characters</a></li> -</ul> -</li> -<li><a href="#block">Block Elements</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</a></li> -<li><a href="#header">Headers</a></li> -<li><a href="#blockquote">Blockquotes</a></li> -<li><a href="#list">Lists</a></li> -<li><a href="#precode">Code Blocks</a></li> -<li><a href="#hr">Horizontal Rules</a></li> -</ul> -</li> -<li><a href="#span">Span Elements</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#link">Links</a></li> -<li><a href="#em">Emphasis</a></li> -<li><a href="#code">Code</a></li> -<li><a href="#img">Images</a></li> -</ul> -</li> -<li><a href="#misc">Miscellaneous</a> -<ul> -<li><a href="#backslash">Backslash Escapes</a></li> -<li><a href="#autolink">Automatic Links</a></li> -</ul> -</li> -</ul> -<p><strong>Note:</strong> This document is itself written using -Markdown; you can <a href="/projects/markdown/syntax.text">see the -source for it by adding '.text' to the URL</a>.</p> -<hr> -<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2> -<h3 id="philosophy">Philosophy</h3> -<p>Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as -is feasible.</p> -<p>Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A -Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain -text, without looking like it's been marked up with tags or -formatting instructions. While Markdown's syntax has been -influenced by several existing text-to-HTML filters -- including -<a href= -"http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html">Setext</a>, -<a href="http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/">atx</a>, <a href= -"http://textism.com/tools/textile/">Textile</a>, <a href= -"http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html">reStructuredText</a>, -<a href= -"http://www.triptico.com/software/grutatxt.html">Grutatext</a>, and -<a href="http://ettext.taint.org/doc/">EtText</a> -- the single -biggest source of inspiration for Markdown's syntax is the format -of plain text email.</p> -<p>To this end, Markdown's syntax is comprised entirely of -punctuation characters, which punctuation characters have been -carefully chosen so as to look like what they mean. E.g., asterisks -around a word actually look like *emphasis*. Markdown lists look -like, well, lists. Even blockquotes look like quoted passages of -text, assuming you've ever used email.</p> -<h3 id="html">Inline HTML</h3> -<p>Markdown's syntax is intended for one purpose: to be used as a -format for <em>writing</em> for the web.</p> -<p>Markdown is not a replacement for HTML, or even close to it. Its -syntax is very small, corresponding only to a very small subset of -HTML tags. The idea is <em>not</em> to create a syntax that makes -it easier to insert HTML tags. In my opinion, HTML tags are already -easy to insert. The idea for Markdown is to make it easy to read, -write, and edit prose. HTML is a <em>publishing</em> format; -Markdown is a <em>writing</em> format. Thus, Markdown's formatting -syntax only addresses issues that can be conveyed in plain -text.</p> -<p>For any markup that is not covered by Markdown's syntax, you -simply use HTML itself. There's no need to preface it or delimit it -to indicate that you're switching from Markdown to HTML; you just -use the tags.</p> -<p>The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements -- e.g. -<code><div></code>, <code><table></code>, -<code><pre></code>, <code><p></code>, etc. -- must be -separated from surrounding content by blank lines, and the start -and end tags of the block should not be indented with tabs or -spaces. Markdown is smart enough not to add extra (unwanted) -<code><p></code> tags around HTML block-level tags.</p> -<p>For example, to add an HTML table to a Markdown article:</p> -<pre> -<code>This is a regular paragraph. - -<table> - <tr> - <td>Foo</td> - </tr> -</table> - -This is another regular paragraph. -</code> -</pre> -<p>Note that Markdown formatting syntax is not processed within -block-level HTML tags. E.g., you can't use Markdown-style -<code>*emphasis*</code> inside an HTML block.</p> -<p>Span-level HTML tags -- e.g. <code><span></code>, -<code><cite></code>, or <code><del></code> -- can be -used anywhere in a Markdown paragraph, list item, or header. If you -want, you can even use HTML tags instead of Markdown formatting; -e.g. if you'd prefer to use HTML <code><a></code> or -<code><img></code> tags instead of Markdown's link or image -syntax, go right ahead.</p> -<p>Unlike block-level HTML tags, Markdown syntax <em>is</em> -processed within span-level tags.</p> -<h3 id="autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</h3> -<p>In HTML, there are two characters that demand special treatment: -<code><</code> and <code>&</code>. Left angle brackets are -used to start tags; ampersands are used to denote HTML entities. If -you want to use them as literal characters, you must escape them as -entities, e.g. <code>&lt;</code>, and -<code>&amp;</code>.</p> -<p>Ampersands in particular are bedeviling for web writers. If you -want to write about 'AT&T', you need to write -'<code>AT&amp;T</code>'. You even need to escape ampersands -within URLs. Thus, if you want to link to:</p> -<pre> -<code>http://images.google.com/images?num=30&q=larry+bird -</code> -</pre> -<p>you need to encode the URL as:</p> -<pre> -<code>http://images.google.com/images?num=30&amp;q=larry+bird -</code> -</pre> -<p>in your anchor tag <code>href</code> attribute. Needless to say, -this is easy to forget, and is probably the single most common -source of HTML validation errors in otherwise well-marked-up web -sites.</p> -<p>Markdown allows you to use these characters naturally, taking -care of all the necessary escaping for you. If you use an ampersand -as part of an HTML entity, it remains unchanged; otherwise it will -be translated into <code>&amp;</code>.</p> -<p>So, if you want to include a copyright symbol in your article, -you can write:</p> -<pre> -<code>&copy; -</code> -</pre> -<p>and Markdown will leave it alone. But if you write:</p> -<pre> -<code>AT&T -</code> -</pre> -<p>Markdown will translate it to:</p> -<pre> -<code>AT&amp;T -</code> -</pre> -<p>Similarly, because Markdown supports <a href="#html">inline -HTML</a>, if you use angle brackets as delimiters for HTML tags, -Markdown will treat them as such. But if you write:</p> -<pre> -<code>4 < 5 -</code> -</pre> -<p>Markdown will translate it to:</p> -<pre> -<code>4 &lt; 5 -</code> -</pre> -<p>However, inside Markdown code spans and blocks, angle brackets -and ampersands are <em>always</em> encoded automatically. This -makes it easy to use Markdown to write about HTML code. (As opposed -to raw HTML, which is a terrible format for writing about HTML -syntax, because every single <code><</code> and -<code>&</code> in your example code needs to be escaped.)</p> -<hr> -<h2 id="block">Block Elements</h2> -<h3 id="p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</h3> -<p>A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, -separated by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line -that looks like a blank line -- a line containing nothing but -spaces or tabs is considered blank.) Normal paragraphs should not -be intended with spaces or tabs.</p> -<p>The implication of the "one or more consecutive lines of text" -rule is that Markdown supports "hard-wrapped" text paragraphs. This -differs significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters -(including Movable Type's "Convert Line Breaks" option) which -translate every line break character in a paragraph into a -<code><br /></code> tag.</p> -<p>When you <em>do</em> want to insert a <code><br /></code> -break tag using Markdown, you end a line with two or more spaces, -then type return.</p> -<p>Yes, this takes a tad more effort to create a <code><br -/></code>, but a simplistic "every line break is a <code><br -/></code>" rule wouldn't work for Markdown. Markdown's -email-style <a href="#blockquote">blockquoting</a> and -multi-paragraph <a href="#list">list items</a> work best -- and -look better -- when you format them with hard breaks.</p> -<h3 id="header">Headers</h3> -<p>Markdown supports two styles of headers, <a href= -"http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html">Setext</a> and -<a href="http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/">atx</a>.</p> -<p>Setext-style headers are "underlined" using equal signs (for -first-level headers) and dashes (for second-level headers). For -example:</p> -<pre> -<code>This is an H1 -============= - -This is an H2 -------------- -</code> -</pre> -<p>Any number of underlining <code>=</code>'s or <code>-</code>'s -will work.</p> -<p>Atx-style headers use 1-6 hash characters at the start of the -line, corresponding to header levels 1-6. For example:</p> -<pre> -<code># This is an H1 - -## This is an H2 - -###### This is an H6 -</code> -</pre> -<p>Optionally, you may "close" atx-style headers. This is purely -cosmetic -- you can use this if you think it looks better. The -closing hashes don't even need to match the number of hashes used -to open the header. (The number of opening hashes determines the -header level.) :</p> -<pre> -<code># This is an H1 # - -## This is an H2 ## - -### This is an H3 ###### -</code> -</pre> -<h3 id="blockquote">Blockquotes</h3> -<p>Markdown uses email-style <code>></code> characters for -blockquoting. If you're familiar with quoting passages of text in -an email message, then you know how to create a blockquote in -Markdown. It looks best if you hard wrap the text and put a -<code>></code> before every line:</p> -<pre> -<code>> This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, -> consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. -> Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. -> -> Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse -> id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. -</code> -</pre> -<p>Markdown allows you to be lazy and only put the -<code>></code> before the first line of a hard-wrapped -paragraph:</p> -<pre> -<code>> This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, -consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. -Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. - -> Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse -id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. -</code> -</pre> -<p>Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by -adding additional levels of <code>></code>:</p> -<pre> -<code>> This is the first level of quoting. -> -> > This is nested blockquote. -> -> Back to the first level. -</code> -</pre> -<p>Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including -headers, lists, and code blocks:</p> -<pre> -<code>> ## This is a header. -> -> 1. This is the first list item. -> 2. This is the second list item. -> -> Here's some example code: -> -> return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script"); -</code> -</pre> -<p>Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For -example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase -Quote Level from the Text menu.</p> -<h3 id="list">Lists</h3> -<p>Markdown supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted) -lists.</p> -<p>Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens -- -interchangably -- as list markers:</p> -<pre> -<code>* Red -* Green -* Blue -</code> -</pre> -<p>is equivalent to:</p> -<pre> -<code>+ Red -+ Green -+ Blue -</code> -</pre> -<p>and:</p> -<pre> -<code>- Red -- Green -- Blue -</code> -</pre> -<p>Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods:</p> -<pre> -<code>1. Bird -2. McHale -3. Parish -</code> -</pre> -<p>It's important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark -the list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The -HTML Markdown produces from the above list is:</p> -<pre> -<code><ol> -<li>Bird</li> -<li>McHale</li> -<li>Parish</li> -</ol> -</code> -</pre> -<p>If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this:</p> -<pre> -<code>1. Bird -1. McHale -1. Parish -</code> -</pre> -<p>or even:</p> -<pre> -<code>3. Bird -1. McHale -8. Parish -</code> -</pre> -<p>you'd get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want -to, you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so -that the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published -HTML. But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to.</p> -<p>If you do use lazy list numbering, however, you should still -start the list with the number 1. At some point in the future, -Markdown may support starting ordered lists at an arbitrary -number.</p> -<p>List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be -indented by up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by -one or more spaces or a tab.</p> -<p>To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging -indents:</p> -<pre> -<code>* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. - Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, - viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. -* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. - Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. -</code> -</pre> -<p>But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to:</p> -<pre> -<code>* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. -Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, -viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. -* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. -Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. -</code> -</pre> -<p>If list items are separated by blank lines, Markdown will wrap -the items in <code><p></code> tags in the HTML output. For -example, this input:</p> -<pre> -<code>* Bird -* Magic -</code> -</pre> -<p>will turn into:</p> -<pre> -<code><ul> -<li>Bird</li> -<li>Magic</li> -</ul> -</code> -</pre> -<p>But this:</p> -<pre> -<code>* Bird - -* Magic -</code> -</pre> -<p>will turn into:</p> -<pre> -<code><ul> -<li><p>Bird</p></li> -<li><p>Magic</p></li> -</ul> -</code> -</pre> -<p>List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent -paragraph in a list item must be intended by either 4 spaces or one -tab:</p> -<pre> -<code>1. This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor - sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit - mi posuere lectus. - - Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet - vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum - sit amet velit. - -2. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. -</code> -</pre> -<p>It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent -paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be lazy:</p> -<pre> -<code>* This is a list item with two paragraphs. - - This is the second paragraph in the list item. You're -only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor -sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. - -* Another item in the same list. -</code> -</pre> -<p>To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's -<code>></code> delimiters need to be indented:</p> -<pre> -<code>* A list item with a blockquote: - - > This is a blockquote - > inside a list item. -</code> -</pre> -<p>To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs to -be indented <em>twice</em> -- 8 spaces or two tabs:</p> -<pre> -<code>* A list item with a code block: - - <code goes here> -</code> -</pre> -<p>It's worth noting that it's possible to trigger an ordered list -by accident, by writing something like this:</p> -<pre> -<code>1986. What a great season. -</code> -</pre> -<p>In other words, a <em>number-period-space</em> sequence at the -beginning of a line. To avoid this, you can backslash-escape the -period:</p> -<pre> -<code>1986\. What a great season. -</code> -</pre> -<h3 id="precode">Code Blocks</h3> -<p>Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming -or markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the -lines of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a -code block in both <code><pre></code> and -<code><code></code> tags.</p> -<p>To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of -the block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab. For example, given this -input:</p> -<pre> -<code>This is a normal paragraph: - - This is a code block. -</code> -</pre> -<p>Markdown will generate:</p> -<pre> -<code><p>This is a normal paragraph:</p> - -<pre><code>This is a code block. -</code></pre> -</code> -</pre> -<p>One level of indentation -- 4 spaces or 1 tab -- is removed from -each line of the code block. For example, this:</p> -<pre> -<code>Here is an example of AppleScript: - - tell application "Foo" - beep - end tell -</code> -</pre> -<p>will turn into:</p> -<pre> -<code><p>Here is an example of AppleScript:</p> - -<pre><code>tell application "Foo" - beep -end tell -</code></pre> -</code> -</pre> -<p>A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not -indented (or the end of the article).</p> -<p>Within a code block, ampersands (<code>&</code>) and angle -brackets (<code><</code> and <code>></code>) are -automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very easy -to include example HTML source code using Markdown -- just paste it -and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the -ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this:</p> -<pre> -<code> <div class="footer"> - &copy; 2004 Foo Corporation - </div> -</code> -</pre> -<p>will turn into:</p> -<pre> -<code><pre><code>&lt;div class="footer"&gt; - &amp;copy; 2004 Foo Corporation -&lt;/div&gt; -</code></pre> -</code> -</pre> -<p>Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks. -E.g., asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block. -This means it's also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown's -own syntax.</p> -<h3 id="hr">Horizontal Rules</h3> -<p>You can produce a horizontal rule tag (<code><hr -/></code>) by placing three or more hyphens, asterisks, or -underscores on a line by themselves. If you wish, you may use -spaces between the hyphens or asterisks. Each of the following -lines will produce a horizontal rule:</p> -<pre> -<code>* * * - -*** - -***** - -- - - - ---------------------------------------- - -_ _ _ -</code> -</pre> -<hr> -<h2 id="span">Span Elements</h2> -<h3 id="link">Links</h3> -<p>Markdown supports two style of links: <em>inline</em> and -<em>reference</em>.</p> -<p>In both styles, the link text is delimited by [square -brackets].</p> -<p>To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses -immediately after the link text's closing square bracket. Inside -the parentheses, put the URL where you want the link to point, -along with an <em>optional</em> title for the link, surrounded in -quotes. For example:</p> -<pre> -<code>This is [an example](http://example.com/ "Title") inline link. - -[This link](http://example.net/) has no title attribute. -</code> -</pre> -<p>Will produce:</p> -<pre> -<code><p>This is <a href="http://example.com/" title="Title"> -an example</a> inline link.</p> - -<p><a href="http://example.net/">This link</a> has no -title attribute.</p> -</code> -</pre> -<p>If you're referring to a local resource on the same server, you -can use relative paths:</p> -<pre> -<code>See my [About](/about/) page for details. -</code> -</pre> -<p>Reference-style links use a second set of square brackets, -inside which you place a label of your choosing to identify the -link:</p> -<pre> -<code>This is [an example][id] reference-style link. -</code> -</pre> -<p>You can optionally use a space to separate the sets of -brackets:</p> -<pre> -<code>This is [an example] [id] reference-style link. -</code> -</pre> -<p>Then, anywhere in the document, you define your link label like -this, on a line by itself:</p> -<pre> -<code>[id]: http://example.com/ "Optional Title Here" -</code> -</pre> -<p>That is:</p> -<ul> -<li>Square brackets containing the link identifier (optionally -indented from the left margin using up to three spaces);</li> -<li>followed by a colon;</li> -<li>followed by one or more spaces (or tabs);</li> -<li>followed by the URL for the link;</li> -<li>optionally followed by a title attribute for the link, enclosed -in double or single quotes.</li> -</ul> -<p>The link URL may, optionally, be surrounded by angle -brackets:</p> -<pre> -<code>[id]: <http://example.com/> "Optional Title Here" -</code> -</pre> -<p>You can put the title attribute on the next line and use extra -spaces or tabs for padding, which tends to look better with longer -URLs:</p> -<pre> -<code>[id]: http://example.com/longish/path/to/resource/here - "Optional Title Here" -</code> -</pre> -<p>Link definitions are only used for creating links during -Markdown processing, and are stripped from your document in the -HTML output.</p> -<p>Link definition names may constist of letters, numbers, spaces, -and punctuation -- but they are <em>not</em> case sensitive. E.g. -these two links:</p> -<pre> -<code>[link text][a] -[link text][A] -</code> -</pre> -<p>are equivalent.</p> -<p>The <em>implicit link name</em> shortcut allows you to omit the -name of the link, in which case the link text itself is used as the -name. Just use an empty set of square brackets -- e.g., to link the -word "Google" to the google.com web site, you could simply -write:</p> -<pre> -<code>[Google][] -</code> -</pre> -<p>And then define the link:</p> -<pre> -<code>[Google]: http://google.com/ -</code> -</pre> -<p>Because link names may contain spaces, this shortcut even works -for multiple words in the link text:</p> -<pre> -<code>Visit [Daring Fireball][] for more information. -</code> -</pre> -<p>And then define the link:</p> -<pre> -<code>[Daring Fireball]: http://daringfireball.net/ -</code> -</pre> -<p>Link definitions can be placed anywhere in your Markdown -document. I tend to put them immediately after each paragraph in -which they're used, but if you want, you can put them all at the -end of your document, sort of like footnotes.</p> -<p>Here's an example of reference links in action:</p> -<pre> -<code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google] [1] than from -[Yahoo] [2] or [MSN] [3]. - - [1]: http://google.com/ "Google" - [2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search" - [3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search" -</code> -</pre> -<p>Using the implicit link name shortcut, you could instead -write:</p> -<pre> -<code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][] than from -[Yahoo][] or [MSN][]. - - [google]: http://google.com/ "Google" - [yahoo]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search" - [msn]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search" -</code> -</pre> -<p>Both of the above examples will produce the following HTML -output:</p> -<pre> -<code><p>I get 10 times more traffic from <a href="http://google.com/" -title="Google">Google</a> than from -<a href="http://search.yahoo.com/" title="Yahoo Search">Yahoo</a> -or <a href="http://search.msn.com/" title="MSN Search">MSN</a>.</p> -</code> -</pre> -<p>For comparison, here is the same paragraph written using -Markdown's inline link style:</p> -<pre> -<code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google](http://google.com/ "Google") -than from [Yahoo](http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search") or -[MSN](http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"). -</code> -</pre> -<p>The point of reference-style links is not that they're easier to -write. The point is that with reference-style links, your document -source is vastly more readable. Compare the above examples: using -reference-style links, the paragraph itself is only 81 characters -long; with inline-style links, it's 176 characters; and as raw -HTML, it's 234 characters. In the raw HTML, there's more markup -than there is text.</p> -<p>With Markdown's reference-style links, a source document much -more closely resembles the final output, as rendered in a browser. -By allowing you to move the markup-related metadata out of the -paragraph, you can add links without interrupting the narrative -flow of your prose.</p> -<h3 id="em">Emphasis</h3> -<p>Markdown treats asterisks (<code>*</code>) and underscores -(<code>_</code>) as indicators of emphasis. Text wrapped with one -<code>*</code> or <code>_</code> will be wrapped with an HTML -<code><em></code> tag; double <code>*</code>'s or -<code>_</code>'s will be wrapped with an HTML -<code><strong></code> tag. E.g., this input:</p> -<pre> -<code>*single asterisks* - -_single underscores_ - -**double asterisks** - -__double underscores__ -</code> -</pre> -<p>will produce:</p> -<pre> -<code><em>single asterisks</em> - -<em>single underscores</em> - -<strong>double asterisks</strong> - -<strong>double underscores</strong> -</code> -</pre> -<p>You can use whichever style you prefer; the lone restriction is -that the same character must be used to open and close an emphasis -span.</p> -<p>Emphasis can be used in the middle of a word:</p> -<pre> -<code>un*fucking*believable -</code> -</pre> -<p>But if you surround an <code>*</code> or <code>_</code> with -spaces, it'll be treated as a literal asterisk or underscore.</p> -<p>To produce a literal asterisk or underscore at a position where -it would otherwise be used as an emphasis delimiter, you can -backslash escape it:</p> -<pre> -<code>\*this text is surrounded by literal asterisks\* -</code> -</pre> -<h3 id="code">Code</h3> -<p>To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes -(<code>`</code>). Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span -indicates code within a normal paragraph. For example:</p> -<pre> -<code>Use the `printf()` function. -</code> -</pre> -<p>will produce:</p> -<pre> -<code><p>Use the <code>printf()</code> function.</p> -</code> -</pre> -<p>To include a literal backtick character within a code span, you -can use multiple backticks as the opening and closing -delimiters:</p> -<pre> -<code>``There is a literal backtick (`) here.`` -</code> -</pre> -<p>which will produce this:</p> -<pre> -<code><p><code>There is a literal backtick (`) here.</code></p> -</code> -</pre> -<p>The backtick delimiters surrounding a code span may include -spaces -- one after the opening, one before the closing. This -allows you to place literal backtick characters at the beginning or -end of a code span:</p> -<pre> -<code>A single backtick in a code span: `` ` `` - -A backtick-delimited string in a code span: `` `foo` `` -</code> -</pre> -<p>will produce:</p> -<pre> -<code><p>A single backtick in a code span: <code>`</code></p> - -<p>A backtick-delimited string in a code span: <code>`foo`</code></p> -</code> -</pre> -<p>With a code span, ampersands and angle brackets are encoded as -HTML entities automatically, which makes it easy to include example -HTML tags. Markdown will turn this:</p> -<pre> -<code>Please don't use any `<blink>` tags. -</code> -</pre> -<p>into:</p> -<pre> -<code><p>Please don't use any <code>&lt;blink&gt;</code> tags.</p> -</code> -</pre> -<p>You can write this:</p> -<pre> -<code>`&#8212;` is the decimal-encoded equivalent of `&mdash;`. -</code> -</pre> -<p>to produce:</p> -<pre> -<code><p><code>&amp;#8212;</code> is the decimal-encoded -equivalent of <code>&amp;mdash;</code>.</p> -</code> -</pre> -<h3 id="img">Images</h3> -<p>Admittedly, it's fairly difficult to devise a "natural" syntax -for placing images into a plain text document format.</p> -<p>Markdown uses an image syntax that is intended to resemble the -syntax for links, allowing for two styles: <em>inline</em> and -<em>reference</em>.</p> -<p>Inline image syntax looks like this:</p> -<pre> -<code> - - -</code> -</pre> -<p>That is:</p> -<ul> -<li>An exclamation mark: <code>!</code>;</li> -<li>followed by a set of square brackets, containing the -<code>alt</code> attribute text for the image;</li> -<li>followed by a set of parentheses, containing the URL or path to -the image, and an optional <code>title</code> attribute enclosed in -double or single quotes.</li> -</ul> -<p>Reference-style image syntax looks like this:</p> -<pre> -<code>![Alt text][id] -</code> -</pre> -<p>Where "id" is the name of a defined image reference. Image -references are defined using syntax identical to link -references:</p> -<pre> -<code>[id]: url/to/image "Optional title attribute" -</code> -</pre> -<p>As of this writing, Markdown has no syntax for specifying the -dimensions of an image; if this is important to you, you can simply -use regular HTML <code><img></code> tags.</p> -<hr> -<h2 id="misc">Miscellaneous</h2> -<h3 id="autolink">Automatic Links</h3> -<p>Markdown supports a shortcut style for creating "automatic" -links for URLs and email addresses: simply surround the URL or -email address with angle brackets. What this means is that if you -want to show the actual text of a URL or email address, and also -have it be a clickable link, you can do this:</p> -<pre> -<code><http://example.com/> -</code> -</pre> -<p>Markdown will turn this into:</p> -<pre> -<code><a href="http://example.com/">http://example.com/</a> -</code> -</pre> -<p>Automatic links for email addresses work similarly, except that -Markdown will also perform a bit of randomized decimal and hex -entity-encoding to help obscure your address from -address-harvesting spambots. For example, Markdown will turn -this:</p> -<pre> -<code><address@example.com> -</code> -</pre> -<p>into something like this:</p> -<pre> -<code><a href="&#x6D;&#x61;i&#x6C;&#x74;&#x6F;:&#x61;&#x64;&#x64;&#x72;&#x65; -&#115;&#115;&#64;&#101;&#120;&#x61;&#109;&#x70;&#x6C;e&#x2E;&#99;&#111; -&#109;">&#x61;&#x64;&#x64;&#x72;&#x65;&#115;&#115;&#64;&#101;&#120;&#x61; -&#109;&#x70;&#x6C;e&#x2E;&#99;&#111;&#109;</a> -</code> -</pre> -<p>which will render in a browser as a clickable link to -"address@example.com".</p> -<p>(This sort of entity-encoding trick will indeed fool many, if -not most, address-harvesting bots, but it definitely won't fool all -of them. It's better than nothing, but an address published in this -way will probably eventually start receiving spam.)</p> -<h3 id="backslash">Backslash Escapes</h3> -<p>Markdown allows you to use backslash escapes to generate literal -characters which would otherwise have special meaning in Markdown's -formatting syntax. For example, if you wanted to surround a word -with literal asterisks (instead of an HTML <code><em></code> -tag), you can backslashes before the asterisks, like this:</p> -<pre> -<code>\*literal asterisks\* -</code> -</pre> -<p>Markdown provides backslash escapes for the following -characters:</p> -<pre> -<code>\ backslash -` backtick -* asterisk -_ underscore -{} curly braces -[] square brackets -() parentheses -# hash mark -+ plus sign -- minus sign (hyphen) -. dot -! exclamation mark -</code> -</pre> -</body> -</html> |